EBS Lesson Eight Introducing root and fifth
Figure 1. Root and fifth shape using A as the root

Figure 1. Understanding the concept of a 5th above
| A | B | C# | D | E | F# | G# | A |
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | Octave |
Figure 2. The 5th for each of our four bass notes
| Root | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th |
| A | B | C | D | E |
| G | A | B | C | D |
| C | D | E | F | G |
| D | E | F | G | A |
Worth two beats.
In Exercise 4, you will see a note that is new to you. This is a half note.
As its name suggests, a half note is worth half of a bar of common time. Since a bar of common time is worth four (4) beats, a half note is, therefore, worth two (2) beats.
As you can see from the diagram above, a half note has a stem. The stem can point upwards or downwards.